The appropriate use of homework is unclear. The authors compared the performance of students who did two different types of homework—preparatory (before class) and practice (after class). They also tested student performance against that of previous years’ students to whom no homework was assigned. They test 71 freshman students in a university biology class. They found no difference in performance between students given preparatory versus practice homework. However, overall student performance increased, as compared to that of previous years’ students who were not assigned any homework.