What are the critical skills you think students need to be successful in science?
—Niki, Baltimore, Maryland
In science department meetings, we often agonize over what and how much content to “cover.” We lament that students don’t seem to remember much content from one year or subject to the next. Inquiry and in-depth study often take a back seat to presenting content that will be on a final exam or state test.
When identifying skills critical to science, I wonder if we should include traditional skills such as balancing equations, calculating answers to problems, measuring, or memorizing definitions? Communications and mathematics are certainly critical in science, but they should be put in context. Most of us as adults read for a purpose such as entertainment or information. Most of our writing is purposeful, too: memos, reports, logs, journals, self-expression. Few of us do arithmetic calculations without a specific purpose (although I am addicted to KenKen puzzles).
One of my favorite quotations (often attributed to Albert Einstein) is “Education is what’s left after you’ve forgotten everything.” In other words, even though we might not remember everything, we take basic experiences from a learning environment with us into new situations. When I switched from teaching middle to high school, the principal asked about my philosophy of learning. I had never written any formal document, so I listed the “big picture” skills I wanted my students to take away from my classes. I also posted these in my classroom, discussing them with the students:
- Problem solving: Not in the sense of the problems at the end of the chapter or “problems” such as global warming or pandemic diseases, but the ability to work through a situation by asking questions, defining problems, investigating, engaging in inquiry, observing, finding and evaluating information, communicating (both verbally and graphically), and active listening.
- Risk-taking: We need to get students out of their intellectual comfort zones and try something where the answers may not be known ahead of time, if at all.
- Imagination/creativity: Kindergarten students are wonderful at this, and then we somehow program it out of students. We insist they do things exactly as we tell them to do, or we give students a template (a good thing to start with), then never allow them to deviate from it or customize it to their own learning.
- Dedication: It’s easy for students to be distracted, but seeing a task through to completion, knowing one’s strengths, working on one’s weaknesses, and striving for more than mediocrity are real boosts to self-esteem—even better than someone saying “good job.”
- Enthusiasm (my students preferred the word enjoyment, which was fine with me): Learning is interesting and it’s part of what makes us human. Not all learning experiences are necessarily “fun,” but good teachers can make any topic interesting by showing their own passion and through engaging classroom activities.
These “skills” are not measurable in the sense of a standardized test, and they evolve as students progress through the years, gaining more exposure to content and in learning subject-specific skills. They require modeling by the teacher: if a teacher is not a risk-taker or has little enthusiasm for a topic, it’s hard for students to develop that attribute. I found it was important to make the classroom a “safe” place where students can develop and use these skills, to put them in the context of the content topics, to recognize and support student efforts in these areas, and to help students see the connections among the content, other topics in science, other content areas, and within their own lives.
Lifelong and independent learning beyond the classroom is based on these skills. We have to realize that not all students will pursue a science-related career or even have the same passion for the subject we have. But they will be voters, taxpayers, parents, employees, business owners, travelers, professionals, and hobbyists who will need not only basic content knowledge but also the skills to be lifelong learners in science-related issues. How many of our schools’ mission statements contain that phrase? What are we doing to make sure this happens?