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Mission to Mars

An Exercise in Orbital Energetics

By Kendra L. Bourne, Bruce C. Palmquist, Grace L. Haddick

Mission to Mars


 

Abstract

This case study introduces the concept of orbital energetics and the use of the Hohmann transfer orbit for an introductory college-level or high school physics course. Students use energy conservation to determine the work needed to move from Earth’s orbit to Mars’ orbit, as well as the work needed to move from Mars’ orbit to land on the surface of Mars. Once students have determined the appropriate amount of work needed for each transfer, they receive two-digit codes that are input into URLs. Students then use the URLs to access original videos that were created using WorldWide Telescope, which provide a brief tour of key landmarks on Mars. This case study allows students to manipulate equations, perform calculations, and visualize the Hohmann transfer process in a way that can be difficult to comprehend from verbal explanation alone. Prior to implementing this case study in a class, it is recommended that students have a strong background in algebra and can manipulate equations to solve for a variable of interest.

   

Date Posted

03/18/2025

Overview

Objectives

  • Apply the concept of conservation of energy to determine the total mechanical energy of a spaceship in a specific orbit
  • Use the equations for mechanical, kinetic, and gravitational potential energy.
  • Explain whether energy must be added or removed for specific orbit transfers.
  • Describe the relationship between change in energy and work done on a system.

Keywords

Mars; astronomy; Hohmann; orbits; space flight; energy conservation; calculation; planets; orbital motion; kinetic energy; gravitational potential; energy; orbital velocity

  

Subject Headings

Astronomy
Physics

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

High school, Undergraduate lower division

  

FORMAT

PDF

   

TOPICAL AREAS

N/A

   

LANGUAGE

English

   

TYPE/METHODS

Directed

 

 

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