The Mona Lisa Molecule

By Karobi Moitra

Abstract

This case study details the historical discovery of the structure of DNA. Images of this key molecule are as iconic as those of the Mona Lisa, and identifying its structure has proven to be as intriguing a mystery for scientists as the reason behind Mona Lisa's smile has been for art historians. The case is woven together by a series of fictional diary entries that detail the history of the discovery of DNA's structure, the major players involved, their ethical dilemmas, and the role of women in science. The case is designed for a high school course or introductory undergraduate genetics/ biochemistry courses. It can also be used as an interdisciplinary case study bridging genetics, bioethics, art, and the status of women in science. Designed as an interrupted case, it may be used in its entirety or in parts that pertain to a particular topic or discipline. No prior knowledge of genetics is required.

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Date Posted

12/29/2014

Overview

Objectives

Accurately describe the chronology of events leading up to the discovery of DNA structure.
Describe the key features of DNA and how these features explain experimental data such as Chargaff's rules and Rosalind Franklin's X-ray crystallographic results.
Develop the skills to read and interpret scientific concepts from a primary research article.
Learn how to independently gather information from websites and apply that information to problem solving and critical thinking.
Explore the role of DNA in science, society, art, and literature.
Become aware of the ethical issues involved in scientific research.
Explore the role of women in science.

Keywords

DNA; deoxyribonucleic acid; x-ray crystallography; model building; double helix; Rosalind Franklin; Francis Crick; James Watson; Cavendish; Hershey-Chase; Chargraff’s Laws; photo 51

Subject Headings

Biochemistry

Biology (General)

Genetics / Heredity

Molecular Biology

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

High school, Undergraduate lower division

FORMAT

PDF

TOPICAL AREAS

Ethics, History of science, Science and the media, Women in science

LANGUAGE

English

TYPE/METHODS

Analysis (Issues), Dilemma/Decision, Discussion, Interrupted, Journal Article

Teaching Notes & Answer Key

Teaching Notes

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Teaching notes are intended to help teachers select and adopt a case. They typically include a summary of the case, teaching objectives, information about the intended audience, details about how the case may be taught, and a list of references and resources.

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Answer Key

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Materials & Media

Supplemental Materials

Videos

The Double Helix
Short film that tells the story of the scientists and evidence involved in one of the most important scientific quests of the 20th century: the discovery of the structure of DNA. Running time: 16:53 min. Produced by HHMI BioInteractive. ec)
The Chemical Structure of DNA
Short animation showing the detailed structure of DNA. Running time: 2:44 mins. Produced by HHMI BioInteractive.
Chargaff's Ratio
Short animation that discusses Erwin Chargaff’s 1950 publication stating that in the DNA of any given species, the ratio of adenine to thymine is equal, as is the ratio of cytosine to guanine. This became known as Chargaff's ratio, and it was an important clue for solving the structure of DNA. Running time: 0;49 min. Produced by HHMI BioInteractive.