Abstract
This comprehensive case study explores gastroesophageal reflux disease-like symptoms and upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding to show how dysfunction of GI physiology is linked with multiple organ systems resulting in symptoms and signs presented by a chronic drinker of alcoholic and caffeinated beverages. These GI problems have been linked with myocardial infarction, acute respiratory disease syndrome, acid-base complications, and hypovolemic shock. Students compare the patient’s data with normal values; explain how these data are linked to his symptoms and signs and how disruption of normal physiological processes can cause them; explain how a treatment drug might work; describe the body’s defense mechanisms against hypovolemia, blood pressure, and pH imbalance; and integrate core physiological concepts involving multiple organ systems. The use of concept maps is encouraged throughout. Originally designed for an upper-division course for healthcare pre-professionals, the case could also be used in related courses such as pathophysiology, pharmacology, or upper-level human anatomy and physiology. Because this case requires understanding of multiple organ systems, sections of the case may be used as independent modules as the systems are taught, or the entire case can be used as a cumulative assessment at the conclusion of a year-long course.