This case study is based on an actual mountain lion (cougar) attack that occurred in Horsetooth Mountain Park, Colorado. The case details the steps that led to the attack, the ensuing struggle, and how Travis Kauffman ultimately survived by killing the cougar. The purpose of the case is to examine the factors, including animal behavior and the human sympathetic nervous system, which resulted in Travis’ survival. More specifically, the case examines the actions of Travis, the possible ramifications of the injuries sustained during the attack, the methods used to fight the cougar, the value of the sympathetic nervous system and the “fight-or-flight” response, and alternative outcomes had circumstances been different. The case also considers features specific to mountain lions that factored into the attack including general behavior, hunting patterns, and anatomy. This case is appropriate for upper-level undergraduate or graduate students with a good understanding of human body systems and the sympathetic nervous response as well as an introductory level of knowledge in animal behavior. The case may be used in courses such as anatomy and physiology, neuroscience, zoology, health education, and other upper-level biology courses.