The new science courses differ in purpose from traditional courses and so do the tests. A student is first of all required to understand the facts, formulas, and principles he has learned. Therefore, knowing about science and having the ability to memorize are not sufficient to achieve a passing grade. The student must demonstrate his ability to reason from concepts and theories and to use them in unfamiliar situations. He is expected to interpret experimental data he has not worked with before. And he must demonstrate his ability to use the techniques and procedures of scientific inquiry. This article was first published in February, 1962.