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  • Measuring the Moon Indirectly

    Book Chapter |

    It is difficult to measure objects in the solar system because it is so massive. In this activity, students use a cross-staff to measure the angular diameter of a paper plate 4 m away. From this, they learn to measure…

  • Sizing Up the Moon

    Book Chapter |

    The purpose of this assessment probe is to elicit students’ ideas about the size of the Moon. The probe is designed to find out if students understand the idea that something huge can appear to be small if we see it…

  • Earth or Moon Shadow?

    Book Chapter |

    The purpose of this assessment probe is to elicit students’ ideas about why the Moon appears to have different shapes at different times. The probe is designed to find out if students confuse the explanation for a lunar…

  • Taking a Look at the Moon

    Book Chapter |

    The communication skills of reading and writing go hand in hand with science as natural partners for fostering students’ understandings of the world. The similarities that exist between reading and writing strategies…

  • Moon Phases and Models

    Book Chapter |

    From the time they are very young, children are naturally curious about the Moon. They may wonder about the different shapes of the Moon when they look up at the night sky. In this chapter's primary lesson, students…

  • Emmy's Moon and Stars

    Book Chapter |

    The purpose of this assessment probe is to elicit students’ ideas about the relative position of common objects seen in the sky. The probe is designed to find out if students recognize how far away the stars are in…

  • The Moon’s Inclined Orbital Plane

    Journal Article |

  • Up To the Moon!

    Journal Article |

  • Does the Moon Orbit the Earth?

    Book Chapter |

    The purpose of this assessment probe is to elicit students’ ideas about the Moon’s motion. The probe is designed to find out whether students recognize that the Moon orbits the Earth, and, if so, how long they think it…

  • Moon Phase and Solar Eclipse

    Book Chapter |

    The purpose of this assessment probe is to elicit students’ understanding of the Earth- Sun-Moon system well enough to explain the causes of Moon phases and solar eclipses and how these two phenomena are related.

  • Lab 1: Moon Phases

    Book Chapter |

    In this lab investigation, students are introduced to the disciplinary core ideas of (a) The Universe and Its Stars and (b) Earth and the Solar System as they develop a model that explains the underlying cause of the…

  • How Long Is a Day on the Moon?

    Book Chapter |

    The purpose of this assessment probe is to elicit students’ ideas about the day-night cycle on the Moon. The probe is designed to find out if students can coordinate two concepts: the Moon turns once on its axis each…

  • To the Moon With Poetry

    Journal Article |

  • Aha! Moments in Sun and Moon Measurements

    Journal Article |

  • What’s the Moon Like Around the World?

    Book Chapter |

    A great deal of confusion arises from the lack of understanding about the Moon’s journey around the Earth and its apparent shape changes. This investigation is aimed at confronting this confusion by looking at the Earth…

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