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An Anaphylaxis Praxis

By Hollie L. Leavitt

An Anaphylaxis Praxis


 

Abstract

This directed case study allows students to review components of the immune and cardiovascular systems while learning the pathophysiology of immediate hypersensitivities. It tells the story of “Amoria,” a two-year-old with food allergies who is accidentally exposed to peanut protein and has an anaphylactic reaction. Students learn about emergency treatment for anaphylaxis, including the use of epinephrine autoinjectors, albuterol, and diphenhydramine, and how these medications help to counteract the effects of systemic histamine release. They also review sensitization through mast cell and basophil binding of IgE antibodies specific for the allergen and how this leads to degranulation, and the signs and symptoms of an allergic response on secondary exposure.  Following Amoria’s recovery from the anaphylactic episode, she is exposed to a new potential allergen, bee venom. Students conclude the case by using what they have learned to make recommendations on how to respond to the bee sting. The case was developed for undergraduate students in the second semester of a year-long anatomy and physiology course.

   

Date Posted

07/11/2024

Overview

Objectives

  • Describe emergency medical treatment for anaphylaxis.
  • Define “allergen” and explain how allergens differ from antigens.
  • List allergens commonly implicated in anaphylactic reactions.
  • Explain the physiology of allergen sensitization and ensuing allergic (secondary) reactions.
  • Describe the activation of basophils and mast cells in allergic reactions.
  • Describe antibody structure and specificity.
  • Explain histamine’s effects on blood vessels, airways, and mucus production.
  • Describe how epinephrine can counteract the effects of histamine.
  • Discuss the usage of epinephrine auto injectors in treating anaphylaxis.

Keywords

Anaphylaxis; anaphylactic reaction; allergy; immediate hypersensitivity; allergen; sensitization; immune system; histamine; degranulation; epinephrine

  

Subject Headings

Anatomy
Medicine (General)
Nursing
Pharmacy / Pharmacology
Physiology

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

High school, Undergraduate lower division, Clinical education, Professional (degree program)

  

FORMAT

PDF

   

TOPICAL AREAS

N/A

   

LANGUAGE

English

   

TYPE/METHODS

Directed, Discussion

 

 

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