The essential elements of this dilemma case are based on a real-life wetland mitigation problem. A biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has to decide whether to improve a wetland adversely impacted by toxins or restore another site instead. He is relying on the collective judgment of an interagency team. Working in small groups, students weigh the potential risks and opportunities of each site, and make a decision as to which site has the best chance to succeed at mitigating the damage. The case was developed for advanced courses in restoration ecology, conservation biology, and wetland ecology, but also works well in an introductory environmental science course.