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Book Chapter
Now You “Sea” Ice, Now You Don’t
Increasing air temperatures in the last 50 years have dramatically altered the Antarctic Peninsula ecosystem. In this interdisciplinary inquiry, lea...
Book Chapter
The Fission Vision: Teacher and Student Editions
Although they may have heard the term many times, students often have difficulty conceptualizing the process of nuclear fission. The kinesthetic simul...
Book Chapter
To help elevate your level of active instruction, this chapter provides a sampling of the kinds of hands-on activities that promote understanding of e...
Book Chapter
Scales and Number Distributions
Statistics is a branch of science that deals with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of numerical data. We use statistics ever...
Book Chapter
Central Tendency and Variability
This chapter presents two important interrelated topics in statistics: central tendency and variability. Measures of central tendency show how similar...
Book Chapter
In this chapter, the authors will discuss the following types of standard scores: percentile ranks, z-scores, and T-scores. All are based on concepts�...
Book Chapter
This chapter will discuss the concept of correlation, which is used in later chapters that will explain the concepts of validity and reliability. Here...
Book Chapter
In this chapter, the authors will describe the four types of validity: construct validity, content validity, concurrent validity, and predictive valid...
Book Chapter
In essence, reliability is the consistency of test results. To understand the meaning of reliability and how it relates to validity, imagine going to ...
Book Chapter
Many criticisms have been launched against grades in general because of their perceived failure to portray student achievement accurately. In many ins...
Book Chapter
Climate is the state of the atmosphere over years or decades. Although climate is commonly defined as “average weather,” the term encompasses more...
Book Chapter
Scientists expect that a warmer climate will cause more severe, more frequent, and longer heat waves. Heat waves pose a significant health risk to eve...
Book Chapter
In 1896, Svante Arrhenius published the first model of the effects of industrial carbon dioxide (CO2) on Earth’s climate. Since the days of Arrheniu...
Book Chapter
Biological Effects of Climate Change
How important is climate change—something that has occurred throughout Earth’s history? Can ecosystems tolerate the magnitude and rate of future c...
Book Chapter
This “Quick Guide to Climate” is a brief, student-friendly overview of Chapters 1 through 3. The overview is suitable either for introducing clima...