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Research & Teaching

Developing a Classroom Assessment Rubric

An Example From a Research-Based Undergraduate Course

Journal of College Science Teaching—May/June 2022 (Volume 51, Issue 5)

By Chandrani Mishra, Loran Carleton Parker, and Kari L. Clase

The development and implementation of varied assessment practices is a major focus in higher education. Assessment benefits both students and teachers; it informs teachers about students’ learning and misconceptions, thereby helping teachers improve teaching practices and students assess their current state of understanding. In general, the field lacks a rubric or an assessment model for assessing students’ understanding of science content and their representations, which was the impetus for this study. The rubric developed in this study will help instructors assess students’ representational competence in a course-based research experience (CURE) and could also be adapted to assess students’ understanding of other scientific concepts and misconceptions. The rubric will enable teachers to collect evidence of students’ understanding so they can make their science teaching more authentic, support students’ learning of the core scientific concepts, and provide an opportunity for teachers to modify their instruction accordingly across science disciplines, benefitting science teaching and learning overall.

 

The development and implementation of varied assessment practices is a major focus in higher education. Assessment benefits both students and teachers; it informs teachers about students’ learning and misconceptions, thereby helping teachers improve teaching practices and students assess their current state of understanding. In general, the field lacks a rubric or an assessment model for assessing students’ understanding of science content and their representations, which was the impetus for this study.
The development and implementation of varied assessment practices is a major focus in higher education. Assessment benefits both students and teachers; it informs teachers about students’ learning and misconceptions, thereby helping teachers improve teaching practices and students assess their current state of understanding. In general, the field lacks a rubric or an assessment model for assessing students’ understanding of science content and their representations, which was the impetus for this study.
 

Research & Teaching

New Community Creation Through a Shared Biology-Chemistry-Communication Laboratory Model for First-Year STEM Majors

Journal of College Science Teaching—May/June 2022 (Volume 51, Issue 5)

By Margery Gardner, Neal Abrams, Gregory McGee, and Elizabeth Hogan

This article explores results from a 3-year model of laboratory instruction, Project Synapse, that synthesized biology, chemistry, and communication curricula for first-year science majors at a STEM-focused university. Laboratory biology-chemistry integration was featured at natural intersections where disciplines used similar tools, such as microscopy, or areas where content naturally overlapped, such as the biochemistry of photosynthesis. Communication-related proficiencies, such as lab report writing, were featured across disciplines and in stand-alone writing courses. Faculty perspectives are also part of model analysis using an autoethnographic approach. Primarily qualitative methods were implemented to better understand the participant experience, using Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) as a guiding framework. The most prominent themes that emerged from the data and aligned with statistical findings included the following: (i) The instructors were positioned as collegial teaching and learning partners; (ii) formative lab experiences are pivotal for understanding interdisciplinary nature of science content; and (iii) students viewed communication skills as embedded within science learning.

 

This article explores results from a 3-year model of laboratory instruction, Project Synapse, that synthesized biology, chemistry, and communication curricula for first-year science majors at a STEM-focused university. Laboratory biology-chemistry integration was featured at natural intersections where disciplines used similar tools, such as microscopy, or areas where content naturally overlapped, such as the biochemistry of photosynthesis. Communication-related proficiencies, such as lab report writing, were featured across disciplines and in stand-alone writing courses.
This article explores results from a 3-year model of laboratory instruction, Project Synapse, that synthesized biology, chemistry, and communication curricula for first-year science majors at a STEM-focused university. Laboratory biology-chemistry integration was featured at natural intersections where disciplines used similar tools, such as microscopy, or areas where content naturally overlapped, such as the biochemistry of photosynthesis. Communication-related proficiencies, such as lab report writing, were featured across disciplines and in stand-alone writing courses.
 

Research & Teaching

A Model for a Data Analysis– and Literature-Intensive Undergraduate Course

Journal of College Science Teaching—May/June 2022 (Volume 51, Issue 5)

By Karen Resendes

This article describes the use of literature to broaden students’ skills in content comprehension, data analysis, modeling, and productive scientific discussion. The design builds on existing models to maximize student gains in ability, confidence, and postgraduate preparation. Course units are divided into 1-week modules consisting of three 1-hour sessions: (i) a secondary article–based lecture, introducing a theme; (ii) “Work it out Wednesday,” when student teams answer questions, analyze data, and interpret results to develop a biological model linking back to lecture; and (iii) a student-led journal club to discuss an article related to the theme. Student gains in ability and confidence with critical-thinking skills were assessed and compared to the prerequisite course and alumni results. Greater gains across several metrics occurred, with students closing the precourse gap between ability and confidence. Alumni retained gains and reported advantages over peers in postgraduate programs. Comparison to other methods demonstrates multiple benefits and advantages over journal club alone. This structure is applicable to content across STEM disciplines, and adaptations for scaling are discussed.

 

This article describes the use of literature to broaden students’ skills in content comprehension, data analysis, modeling, and productive scientific discussion. The design builds on existing models to maximize student gains in ability, confidence, and postgraduate preparation.
This article describes the use of literature to broaden students’ skills in content comprehension, data analysis, modeling, and productive scientific discussion. The design builds on existing models to maximize student gains in ability, confidence, and postgraduate preparation.
 

Research & Teaching

Personal Characteristics Influencing College Readiness of Hispanic Students in a STEM Gateway Course, First-Semester General Chemistry

Journal of College Science Teaching—May/June 2022 (Volume 51, Issue 5)

By Adrian Villalta-Cerdas, Anton Dubrovskiy, Deborah Rush Walker, Blain Mamiya, G. Robert Shelton, Cynthia B. Powell, Susan Broadway, Rebecca Weber, and Diana Mason

This study is an exploratory comparison of 69 Hispanic students enrolled in first-semester general chemistry (Chem I) who attended either a Hispanic-Serving or emerging Hispanic-Serving Institution and were not successful in Chem I. Students’ automaticity skills (what can be done without the aid of a calculator) in arithmetic and quantitative reasoning were analyzed based on students’ personal characteristics such as gender, prior knowledge in chemistry and mathematics, entry college (i.e., STEM or not), and parents’ academic background. Findings indicate that without basic automaticity skills, students enter Chem I at a deficit, but these at-risk students can be identified early in the semester to help them succeed. Results also indicate that arithmetic automaticity is more influential than quantitative reasoning in predicting academic success. A suggested high-impact practice is presented as a possible correction for these deficits.

 

This study is an exploratory comparison of 69 Hispanic students enrolled in first-semester general chemistry (Chem I) who attended either a Hispanic-Serving or emerging Hispanic-Serving Institution and were not successful in Chem I. Students’ automaticity skills (what can be done without the aid of a calculator) in arithmetic and quantitative reasoning were analyzed based on students’ personal characteristics such as gender, prior knowledge in chemistry and mathematics, entry college (i.e., STEM or not), and parents’ academic background.
This study is an exploratory comparison of 69 Hispanic students enrolled in first-semester general chemistry (Chem I) who attended either a Hispanic-Serving or emerging Hispanic-Serving Institution and were not successful in Chem I. Students’ automaticity skills (what can be done without the aid of a calculator) in arithmetic and quantitative reasoning were analyzed based on students’ personal characteristics such as gender, prior knowledge in chemistry and mathematics, entry college (i.e., STEM or not), and parents’ academic background.
 

Feature

Investigating Elementary Preservice Teachers’ Beliefs About Teaching and Learning Science

Journal of College Science Teaching—May/June 2022 (Volume 51, Issue 5)

By Ezgi Yesilyurt

To inform teacher education programs, it is imperative to uncover preservice teachers’ (PSTs) implicit and tacit beliefs about teaching and learning science. The study of teachers’ beliefs requires a range of methodological approaches to unearth their tacit beliefs. In that regard, this study used metaphor construction in conjunction with drawing tasks to examine PSTs’ beliefs about teaching and learning science. A total of 129 preservice elementary teachers were asked to construct metaphors and drawings characterizing science teaching and learning. The findings indicated that even though PSTs had predominantly teacher-centered beliefs, they adopted several aspects of student-centered teaching perspectives. Furthermore, the PSTs appeared to be unaware of or to have underestimated the importance of learners’ existing knowledge in learning science.

 

To inform teacher education programs, it is imperative to uncover preservice teachers’ (PSTs) implicit and tacit beliefs about teaching and learning science. The study of teachers’ beliefs requires a range of methodological approaches to unearth their tacit beliefs. In that regard, this study used metaphor construction in conjunction with drawing tasks to examine PSTs’ beliefs about teaching and learning science. A total of 129 preservice elementary teachers were asked to construct metaphors and drawings characterizing science teaching and learning.
To inform teacher education programs, it is imperative to uncover preservice teachers’ (PSTs) implicit and tacit beliefs about teaching and learning science. The study of teachers’ beliefs requires a range of methodological approaches to unearth their tacit beliefs. In that regard, this study used metaphor construction in conjunction with drawing tasks to examine PSTs’ beliefs about teaching and learning science. A total of 129 preservice elementary teachers were asked to construct metaphors and drawings characterizing science teaching and learning.
 

feature

Self-Regulated Learning Strategies for the Introductory Physics Course With Minimal Instructional Time Required

Journal of College Science Teaching—May/June 2022 (Volume 51, Issue 5)

By Stephanie Toro

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is the metacognitive aspect of learning that goes beyond learning content and skills. With SRL, students are aware of their content understanding and learning progress and use advanced thinking skills to create goals and improve their academic achievement. In this action research, SRL strategies were integrated into the instruction of an Introduction to Physics I university course so that students could better understand their learning progress and development throughout the course. Some of the strategies to develop SRL skills included diagnostic tests with group review, exam wrappers, and metacognition checks, as well as providing structure for office hours and learning plans for students. These strategies not only taught students SRL skills but also shifted the focus of learning to a more individualized perspective that emphasized growth mindset processes rather than attention to having the right answers. As a result, with the implementation of these simple strategies, students’ performance and self-efficacy improved, they earned higher average scores on tests and exams, and their attendance increased significantly throughout the semester.

 

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is the metacognitive aspect of learning that goes beyond learning content and skills. With SRL, students are aware of their content understanding and learning progress and use advanced thinking skills to create goals and improve their academic achievement. In this action research, SRL strategies were integrated into the instruction of an Introduction to Physics I university course so that students could better understand their learning progress and development throughout the course.
Self-regulated learning (SRL) is the metacognitive aspect of learning that goes beyond learning content and skills. With SRL, students are aware of their content understanding and learning progress and use advanced thinking skills to create goals and improve their academic achievement. In this action research, SRL strategies were integrated into the instruction of an Introduction to Physics I university course so that students could better understand their learning progress and development throughout the course.
 

Feature

Interdisciplinary Lessons on Energy and Entropy

Journal of College Science Teaching—May/June 2022 (Volume 51, Issue 5)

By Mika Munakata, Ashwin Vaidya, and Dirk Vanderklein

This article presents ideas and narratives of an experiment on the concept of energy developed for an honors seminar on energy and a mechanics course. We argue that energy is an idea best taught in an interdisciplinary manner. While most physics courses explore ideas such as mechanical energy and conservation of energy, it is imperative that a more practical view of energy as fuel be addressed since this has particular relevance to our students’ future. We believe energy cannot be discussed without talking about entropy and that a proper introduction to energy can only be made by simultaneously discussing the idea of entropy. In this article, we present one lab activity related to carbon emissions from bicycling, designed to help elucidate this idea through the use of conceptual metaphors and embodied learning. The learning goals of the activity were to encourage students to understand that energy and entropy are intricately related and to have students gain a deeper understanding of the concepts by considering and discussing ways in which they apply to different contexts. We discuss the rationale, implementation, and outcomes of the activity.  

 

This article presents ideas and narratives of an experiment on the concept of energy developed for an honors seminar on energy and a mechanics course. We argue that energy is an idea best taught in an interdisciplinary manner. While most physics courses explore ideas such as mechanical energy and conservation of energy, it is imperative that a more practical view of energy as fuel be addressed since this has particular relevance to our students’ future.
This article presents ideas and narratives of an experiment on the concept of energy developed for an honors seminar on energy and a mechanics course. We argue that energy is an idea best taught in an interdisciplinary manner. While most physics courses explore ideas such as mechanical energy and conservation of energy, it is imperative that a more practical view of energy as fuel be addressed since this has particular relevance to our students’ future.
cover
Volume 51
Number 4
This month’s issue of features interdisciplinary lessons for teaching energy and entropy, self-regulated learning strategies for an introductory physics course, an investigation of elementary pre-service teachers’ beliefs about teaching and learning, with a special article on social justice service-learning at an HBCU in
cover
Volume 51
Number 4
This month’s issue of features interdisciplinary lessons for teaching energy and entropy, self-regulated learning strategies for an introductory physics course, an investigation of elementary pre-service teachers’ beliefs about teaching and learning, with a special article on social justice service-learning at an HBCU in
cover
Volume 51
Number 4
This month’s issue of features interdisciplinary lessons for teaching energy and entropy, self-regulated learning strategies for an introductory physics course, an investigation of elementary pre-service teachers’ beliefs about teaching and learning, with a special article on social justice service-learning at an HBCU in
 

Special Report

Social Justice Service-Learning at an HBCU

Transforming Courses in the Wake of COVID-19

Journal of College Science Teaching—May/June 2022 (Volume 51, Issue 5)

By Nastassia N. Jones and Francesca M. Mellieon-Williams

Integrating social issues into biology courses may be of particular interest for educators seeking to create inclusive science environments that support diverse populations. This social justice–focused service-learning project extended a partnership between a social justice institute and a nonprofit organization into an undergraduate introductory genetics course at a small, private Historically Black College and University. For this project, the foundation of gene expression and regulation in an introductory genetics course was used to link sustainable agriculture to food justice issues. In-class activities focused on introducing students to genetically modified foods and using bioinformatic tools to explore genes and proteins. Out-of-class opportunities exposed students to the benefits and impacts of sustainable agriculture. Students had a positive experience with the project and believed the service benefitted the community. As institutions of higher education consider what the educational structure should look like in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic and the new normal, projects such as the one described in this article can be used in alternative learning formats to continue best practices in education, such as active learning, which have been shown to work well for diverse groups of students.

 

Integrating social issues into biology courses may be of particular interest for educators seeking to create inclusive science environments that support diverse populations. This social justice–focused service-learning project extended a partnership between a social justice institute and a nonprofit organization into an undergraduate introductory genetics course at a small, private Historically Black College and University.
Integrating social issues into biology courses may be of particular interest for educators seeking to create inclusive science environments that support diverse populations. This social justice–focused service-learning project extended a partnership between a social justice institute and a nonprofit organization into an undergraduate introductory genetics course at a small, private Historically Black College and University.
 

Point of View

Why Do People Say, “I Believe in Science”?

Journal of College Science Teaching—May/June 2022 (Volume 51, Issue 5)

By Kristy M. Palmer

Many people in the general public say, “I believe in science.” Why don’t they say, “I believe in reading” or similar statements about other subjects? Perhaps people say, “I believe in science” because science is different than other subjects; the nature of science explains the difference. Science is tentative and based on the best empirical evidence available. All educators and administrators (not just science teachers) in K–12 schools set an example for children, and they should work to appreciate, use, and help students understand science. Learning about the nature of science should be required for all future teachers and administrators. Developing an understanding of the nature of science might help mitigate the effects of COVID-19 while setting an example for how society can use science to curb future pandemics and address other challenges.

 

Many people in the general public say, “I believe in science.” Why don’t they say, “I believe in reading” or similar statements about other subjects? Perhaps people say, “I believe in science” because science is different than other subjects; the nature of science explains the difference. Science is tentative and based on the best empirical evidence available. All educators and administrators (not just science teachers) in K–12 schools set an example for children, and they should work to appreciate, use, and help students understand science.
Many people in the general public say, “I believe in science.” Why don’t they say, “I believe in reading” or similar statements about other subjects? Perhaps people say, “I believe in science” because science is different than other subjects; the nature of science explains the difference. Science is tentative and based on the best empirical evidence available. All educators and administrators (not just science teachers) in K–12 schools set an example for children, and they should work to appreciate, use, and help students understand science.
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